الْبَابُ الثَّانِي: فِي عُلُومِ رُوَاةِ الْحَدِيثِ · Book Two: The Sciences of Hadith Narrators

الْفَصْلُ الْأَوَّلُ: فِي الْعُلُومِ الْمُعَرِّفَةِ بِحَالِ الرَّاوِي · Chapter One: Sciences Establishing the Narrator's Condition

الْمُحَدِّثُ وَالْحَافِظُ وَالْحُجَّةُ · Ranks of Hadith Scholars

The ranks in the wording the author cites: Muhaddith, one who bears hadith in narration and attends to it in understanding; Hafiz, one who narrates what reaches him and retains what he needs; Hujja, one who memorizes three hundred thousand hadiths with their chains and texts.

صِفَةُ مَنْ تُقْبَلُ رِوَايَتُهُ · Conditions for Accepted Narration

The consensus Ibn al-Salah (d. 643H) records, which the author adopts: the one whose narration is used as proof must be upright and precise; that is, Muslim, adult, sane, free of the causes of sinfulness and of breaches of dignity, alert and not heedless.

الْجَرْحُ وَالتَّعْدِيلُ · Disparagement and Authentication

In hadith scholarship, jarh means criticising a narrator on grounds that destroy or weaken his uprightness or his precision. Tadil is the opposite: endorsing a narrator and judging him upright and precise.

When jarh and tadil clash over one narrator, the sound view, which al-Khatib al-Baghdadi (d. 463H) transmitted from most scholars and Ibn al-Salah and others endorsed from the hadith scholars and a body of legal theorists, is that jarh takes precedence even if those vouching are more, since the one vouching reports the outward state he saw, while the one impugning reports an inward matter that stayed hidden from the one who vouched.

But the rule is not absolute. Itr says they are found preferring tadil over jarh in many places, so the rule holds only under three conditions.

الصَّحَابَةُ وَعَدَالَتُهُمْ · Companions and Their Uprightness

Ibn Hajar's definition, which the author adopts: a Companion is one who met the Prophet ﷺ believing in him and died upon Islam.

الثِّقَاتُ وَالضُّعَفَاءُ · Reliable and Weak Narrators

The author: this topic is a fruit of the first two topics of this chapter, namely the conditions for whose narration is accepted and jarh and tadil. It issues from the research scholars carried out to establish the quality of every hadith narrator.

الْوُحْدَانُ · Sole Transmitters

Narrators from whom only a single narrator transmitted; its benefit is knowing the unknown narrator when he is not a Companion.

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الْفَصْلُ الثَّانِي: فِي الْعُلُومِ الَّتِي تُبَيِّنُ شَخْصَ الرَّاوِي · Chapter Two: Sciences Identifying the Narrator's Person

تَوَارِيخُ الرُّوَاةِ · Dates and Deaths of Narrators

The wording the author adopts (al-Sakhawi (d. 902H)): knowing the dates by which narrators' circumstances are pinned down, births and deaths, and along with that the events and happenings which yield useful benefits, among them tadil and tajrih and the like.

طَبَقَاتُ الرُّوَاةِ · Generational Classes

With the hadith scholars: a contemporaneous group alike in age and in chain, that is, in taking from the same teachers.

التَّابِعُونَ · The Successors (Tabiun)

The author's chosen definition, from al-Hakim (d. 405H): a Successor is one who spoke face to face with the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, while being a believer. Itr's own footnote records that al-Iraqi expressed it instead as one who met a Companion, so the wording chosen here is the narrower of the two.

الْمُبْهَمَاتُ · Unnamed Persons

Knowing the name of one whose name was left out in the hadith, whether men or women.

الْمَوَالِي · Client Affiliates

Narrators linked by clientage rather than lineage; the clientage is of kinds: manumission, of embracing Islam, and of alliance (hilf).

الْمُؤْتَلِفُ وَالْمُخْتَلِفُ · Same Script, Diff. Pronunciation

Names whose written form agrees but whose pronunciation and utterance differ.

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